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الرئيسية / PSA Sectoral Matrix

PSA Nitrogen & Oxygen Sectoral Matrix

Engineering Guide

Purity, Pressure & PSA Matrix

Explore Mentis Engineering PSA matrix across industrial applications.

ROI Calculator
116+
Industrial Processes
%99.999
Max N₂ Purity
%93±3
Medical O₂
500+
Global Projects
Food & Packaging Very high
MAP packaging

Oxygen in the package is reduced to extend shelf life.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99–99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Strong PSA application for chips, nuts, coffee, cheese and meat products.
Food & Packaging Very high
Coffee packaging

Aroma protection, oxidation prevention and inert atmosphere inside the pack.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99.5–99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: A nitrogen receiver is important for packaging-machine peak flows.
Food & Packaging Very high
Oil tank blanketing

Tank headspace is inerted with nitrogen, reducing peroxide formation and oxidation risk.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.1–2 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Ideal for olive oil, sunflower oil and aromatic oils.
Food & Beverage Very high
Wine production

Tank inerting, filling-line purging and reduced oxygen contact.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.1–6 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Low dissolved oxygen is critical for quality and shelf life.
Food & Beverage High
Beer production

Tank blanketing, keg filling and oxidation prevention.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–6 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Can be used with CO₂ or as a process-support gas.
Pharma & Pharmaceutical High
Blister / bottle packaging

Packaging oxygen-sensitive products under an inert atmosphere.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99–99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
4–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: GMP, validation and gas-quality monitoring may be required.
Pharma & Chemicals High
API reactor inerting

Reducing reactor oxygen to lower explosion and oxidation risk.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99.5–99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–10 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: O₂ analyzer, purge calculation and safety interlocks are important.
Chemicals Very high
Solvent tank blanketing

Reducing oxygen concentration in a flammable vapor atmosphere.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.1–2 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Strong application from an ATEX / explosion-safety perspective.
Chemicals High
Reactor purging

Sweeping air or process gas before start-up/shutdown.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99–99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–10 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Initial purge flow can be high; the buffer receiver must be sized correctly.
Chemicals Very high
Paint, resin and varnish production

Reducing product-surface oxidation and skin formation.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.5
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.1–2 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Lower purity is often sufficient; ROI can be strong.
Metalworking Very high
Fiber laser cutting

Produces bright cut surfaces without oxidation.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99.9–99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
10–40 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Requires booster, high-pressure storage and purity control.
Metalworking Very high
Stainless steel cutting

Prevents oxide formation on the cut surface.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
20–40 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: High purity directly affects cut quality.
Metalworking High
Heat treatment / annealing

Removes oxygen from the furnace atmosphere and reduces surface oxidation.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.1–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: O₂ ppm and dew point can be critical for bright annealing.
Metallurgy High
Sintering

Powder metallurgy process under a controlled inert atmosphere.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99.9–99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.1–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Controls surface quality, porosity and oxidation.
Foundry High
Aluminium degassing

Removes hydrogen and inclusions from molten metal.

TYPICAL PURITY
%97–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
3–10 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Used together with rotor degassing systems.
Plastics High
Gas-assisted injection molding

High-pressure N₂ creates cavities/channels inside plastic parts.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.5
TYPICAL PRESSURE
50–300 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: A high-pressure booster is mandatory.
Plastics & Packaging Medium–High
PET / bottle processes

Pressurized utility gas or inert process atmosphere.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.5
TYPICAL PRESSURE
10–40 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Custom design is required according to the machine pressure profile.
Automotive High
Tire inflation

Tire filling with reduced moisture and oxygen.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
8–15 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Suitable for fleets, service centers and heavy-duty vehicles.
Aerospace Medium
Aircraft tire inflation

High-safety nitrogen inflation.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99+
TYPICAL PRESSURE
10–300 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Aviation standards and high-pressure safety are required.
Hydraulic Systems High
Accumulator charging

Pre-charge gas for hydraulic accumulators.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
30–300 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Suitable for mobile charging skids.
Refrigeration & HVAC High
Leak testing

Pressurizing air-conditioning/chiller circuits with dry nitrogen.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
10–40 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Suitable for service companies and manufacturing lines.
Oil & Gas Very high
Pipeline purging

Sweeping air or flammable gas from pipelines.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–30 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Mobile high-flow PSA skids are a strong solution.
Oil & Gas Medium–High
Pressure testing

Pneumatic testing of lines and equipment with inert gas.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
10–200 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Safety procedures are critical due to stored-energy risk.
Refinery Very high
Tank blanketing

Inerting tank headspace to reduce explosive-atmosphere risk.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.1–10 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: On-site generation is highly advantageous for continuous consumption.
Marine High
Cargo tank inerting

Reducing oxygen concentration in ship tanks.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.1–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Marine class and safety requirements must be reviewed.
Cement & Energy High
Coal mill / silo inerting

Creating an inert atmosphere to reduce dust-explosion risk.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Requires O₂ analyzer and interlock system.
Mining Medium–High
Underground inertization

Reducing fire/explosion risk and inerting voids.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–10 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Asphyxiation risk must be managed in areas with personnel access.
Laboratory Very high
LC-MS / analytical instruments

Used as nebulizer, curtain and drying gas.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99–99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Strong market for small-flow PSA systems.
R&D Medium
Glove box

Oxygen- and moisture-free working environment.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99.999+
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.1–2 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: A purifier may be required for very low ppm levels.
Battery Medium–High
Lithium battery production

Moisture- and oxygen-controlled inert atmosphere.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Ultra-low dew point must be addressed separately.
Electronics Very high
Reflow soldering

Reduces oxidation during soldering.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99.9–99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
4–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: SMT lines require continuous, high-quality nitrogen.
Electronics High
Wave soldering

Reduces oxidation of the solder bath.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99.9–99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
4–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Directly affects production quality.
Semiconductor Medium
Equipment purge

Load-lock, cabinet and process purging.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99.999+
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: A downstream purifier may be required for UHP quality.
Composites High
Autoclave pressurization

Atmosphere for carbon-fiber / composite curing.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–15 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Receiver volume is important for rapid filling.
Cable High
XLPE cable process

Pressurized curing or protective atmosphere.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–20 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Pressure and duration are defined by the process recipe.
Archives & Museums Medium
Low-oxygen preservation

Pest and oxidation control.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99+
TYPICAL PRESSURE
Low pressure
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Leak tightness and personnel safety are important.
Agriculture & Storage High
Grain / dry-food silo inerting

Reducing pest, oxidation and fire risk.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.1–2 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Initial inerting consumption can be high.
Food & Storage High
Controlled-atmosphere fruit / vegetable storage

O₂ in the storage atmosphere is reduced to slow respiration and ripening.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99
TYPICAL PRESSURE
Low pressure / 0.1–1 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Suitable for CA/CAS projects in cold stores and fruit/vegetable logistics.
Agriculture & Storage High
Grain fumigation / pest control

A low-oxygen atmosphere suppresses insects and pest activity.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.1–2 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Can be evaluated as a process solution to reduce dependence on chemical fumigants.
Food & Beverage High
Beverage mixing, dispensing and N₂ infusion

Nitrogen is introduced into the beverage process or dispensing line to reduce oxidation and control product characteristics.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Relevant to beer, coffee and specialty beverages; integrate with process equipment.
Packaging High
Aerosol propellant / package pressurization

Nitrogen is used as an inert propellant or pressurizing gas.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–20 bar / filling dependent
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: A compact PSA + buffer package can be designed after confirming fill pressure and product compatibility.
Water & Process High
Liquid sparging / algae and bacteria control

N₂ bubbles reduce dissolved O₂ and suppress oxygen-dependent biological growth.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–6 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Suitable for continuous low-to-medium flow applications in tanks, ponds and process liquids.
Chemical High
Pressure transfer / tanker unloading

Inert N₂ transfers liquid chemicals or solvents through a controlled pressure differential.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
7–15 bar / project specific
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Short high-flow peaks may occur; buffer volume and pressure control are critical.
Chemical High
Reactor sparging / stripping

Nitrogen is injected into the liquid phase to help remove dissolved O₂, moisture or unwanted volatile components.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Reactor recipe and mass-transfer target determine the required flow.
Polymer & Chemical High
Process / polymer drying

Dry nitrogen removes moisture from product, pellets, piping or process equipment.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: The dew-point target governs air preparation and any supplementary drying stage.
Adhesive & Tape High
Adhesive curing / adhesive purge

Ovens or enclosed process volumes are purged with N₂ to reduce O₂ and moisture and improve bonding conditions.

TYPICAL PURITY
About %99
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Can be positioned around quality and process stability in tape, coating and adhesive lines.
Plastic & Chemical High
Reaction Injection Molding (RIM)

Isocyanates and polyols are protected from O₂/moisture; nitrogen supports process blanketing and nucleation.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.995
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–10 bar / process specific
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: On-site production can offer strong ROI in high-consumption RIM plants.
Power & Energy Very high
Boiler / HRSG lay-up and corrosion protection

Idle boilers and steam systems are purged with dry N₂ to reduce oxygen- and moisture-driven corrosion.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.1–2 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Well suited to low-pressure, long-duration nitrogen supply during power-plant outages.
Metal Cutting High
Plasma cutting

Nitrogen is used as plasma or assist gas for selected metals and cut-quality targets.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–15 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: The cutting-machine gas chart must be verified; this is a separate opportunity from laser nitrogen.
Additive Manufacturing High
Metal 3D printing / additive manufacturing

The build chamber is inerted to reduce metal-powder oxidation and process variation.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99.9–99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–8 bar supply
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Strong fit for steels and selected alloys; argon requirements must be checked for reactive metals.
Jewelry & Precious Metals High
Vacuum casting / induction melting / hot waxing

An inert working atmosphere reduces oxidation during melting and casting operations.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–7 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Compact low-flow PSA systems suit jewelry manufacturing clusters.
Foundry Medium–High
Isocure / Isoset core making

Nitrogen supports controlled process atmosphere and gas management in foundry core production.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Project validation is required against core chemistry and machine OEM requirements.
Metallurgy High
Wire galvanizing / metal extrusion atmosphere

Controlled nitrogen atmosphere reduces surface oxidation in hot-metal processes.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Surface-quality targets may define O₂ ppm and dew-point requirements.
Oil & Gas Very high
Pipeline pigging / N₂ propellant

A pig is driven through the pipeline with pressurized nitrogen for cleaning, liquid displacement and commissioning.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–30 bar / line dependent
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Peak flow and line volume can be substantial; surge tank, mobile skid and booster needs must be calculated.
Oil & Gas Very high
Pipeline drying

Dry N₂ removes moisture and residual water after hydrotesting or construction.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–30 bar / line dependent
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Dew-point target, line volume and purge strategy determine total nitrogen demand.
Oil & Gas High
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) / N₂ injection

Nitrogen injection supports reservoir pressure and hydrocarbon mobility.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
50–300+ bar / field specific
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: At high pressure and very large flow, PSA, membrane and cryogenic options should be compared by capacity.
Oil & Gas High
Well stimulation / N₂ lifting / coiled tubing

Nitrogen supports liquid lifting, well cleanout and intervention operations.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
100–500+ bar / operation specific
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Mobile high-pressure package, booster and field safety are key design topics.
Offshore & Oil/Gas Very high
Rig, flare and platform inerting

Rig, flare and offshore process volumes are purged or inerted with N₂.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–30 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Marine environment, hazardous-area requirements and reliability favor a marinized skid approach.
Oil & Gas High
Buffer gas / dry-gas-seal nitrogen

Clean, dry nitrogen is used as barrier or buffer gas in compressor seal systems.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99–99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–30 bar / OEM requirement
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Purity, particles, dew point and pressure stability must follow compressor OEM requirements.
LNG & Natural Gas High
Nitrogen ballasting / gas blending

N₂ is blended into natural gas or regasified LNG to adjust gas specification and combustion characteristics.

TYPICAL PURITY
Typical %97–98
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–30 bar / line pressure
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Wobbe index and grid specification govern process control; very large flows require technology comparison.
Refinery Very high
Catalyst regeneration / shutdown cooling

N₂ serves for heating/cooling, purging and carrier-gas duties in reformers, hydrocrackers, hydrotreaters and H₂ units.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–30 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Turnarounds create high peaks; temporary mobile and permanent PSA capacity can be evaluated together.
Fire Safety High
Low-O₂ fire prevention / inert fire suppression

Oxygen concentration in a protected space is reduced to lower ignition risk or provide inerting.

TYPICAL PURITY
Typical %90–97 N₂
TYPICAL PRESSURE
Low pressure / distribution dependent
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: LOC, human occupancy and fire/building codes must be validated project by project.
Industrial Facilities Medium–High
Dry N₂ for air-driven tools / machinery

Dry nitrogen is used as a pressurized drive gas where moisture or corrosion is critical.

TYPICAL PURITY
About %95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: A process-specific opportunity for remote, offshore or corrosion-sensitive applications.
Testing & Inspection High
He/N₂ tracer leak testing

Nitrogen is used with helium as carrier and pressurization gas for sensitive leak detection.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–98 N₂
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–200+ bar / test dependent
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Test pressure and helium ratio follow the procedure; a booster may be required.
Wind Energy High
Turbine hydraulic accumulators / actuators

Accumulators and hydraulic actuators are pre-charged with dry nitrogen.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
30–300 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Mobile PSA + booster filling skids can serve wind-service and maintenance fleets.
Electronics Very high
Selective soldering

The local solder zone is protected with N₂ to reduce oxidation and dross.

TYPICAL PURITY
%99.9–99.999
TYPICAL PRESSURE
4–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Creates a distinct equipment and line segment beyond reflow and wave soldering.
Cable & Telecom High
Cable splice drying

Cable joints and enclosed cable sections are purged with dry nitrogen to remove moisture.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99.9
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–15 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Compact or mobile generator packages suit field-service applications.
Food & Logistics Medium–High
Controlled-atmosphere transport of perishables

O₂ in the transport volume is reduced to slow respiration and spoilage of fruit, vegetables and sensitive goods.

TYPICAL PURITY
%95–99
TYPICAL PRESSURE
Low pressure
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Mobile generation or filling solutions can be evaluated for cold-chain and CA-container projects.
Healthcare Very high
Hospital central oxygen

Supplying oxygen to the medical gas pipeline.

TYPICAL PURITY
%93±3
TYPICAL PRESSURE
4–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Strategic PSA oxygen market; backup, alarms and validation are mandatory.
Healthcare Very high
Intensive care / ventilator

Respiratory support and ventilator supply.

TYPICAL PURITY
%93±3
TYPICAL PRESSURE
4–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Continuity, alarm system and reserve capacity are critical.
Healthcare High
Operating room / anesthesia

Anesthesia and medical breathing gas.

TYPICAL PURITY
%93±3
TYPICAL PRESSURE
4–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Medical standards, gas quality and validation are required.
Healthcare High
Cylinder filling system

Filling high-pressure cylinders with PSA oxygen through a booster.

TYPICAL PURITY
%93±3 / %95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
150–200 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Requires booster, manifold, analyzer and filling safety.
Veterinary Very high
Veterinary oxygen

Oxygen support for surgery, anesthesia and intensive care.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
3–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Strong segment for compact PSA systems.
Aquaculture Very high
Fish farm oxygenation

Increases dissolved oxygen in water.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1.5–4 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: DO control, oxygen cone and backup are important.
Aquaculture Very high
Hatchery

Meeting sensitive oxygen demand of juvenile fish.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–3 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Stable oxygen supply is required to reduce stock loss.
Aquaculture High
Live fish transport

Dissolved-oxygen support in transport tanks.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Reduces cylinder cost at fixed facilities.
Wastewater Very high
Biological treatment

Increases dissolved O₂ for microorganism activity.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.5–2 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Blower-assisted or pure-O₂ injection systems can be used.
Wastewater High
Closed-reactor treatment

Reduces biological load through high oxygen-transfer efficiency.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.5–2 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Strong application for high organic load.
Water Treatment Very high
Ozone generator feed

Ozone is generated from oxygen.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–3 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Dry and clean oxygen improves ozone-generation efficiency.
Water Treatment Very high
Drinking-water ozonation

Disinfection and color/odor removal.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–3 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: O₂ flow is selected according to ozone generator capacity.
Mining Very high
Gold leaching

Increases dissolved O₂ in cyanide leaching.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–6 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Strong application for gold recovery and reaction kinetics.
Mining High
Cyanide detox

Oxidation support in waste solution.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–6 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Must be evaluated together with the chemical process.
Mining Medium
Pressure oxidation / POX

Oxidation of sulfide ores.

TYPICAL PURITY
%93–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
10–60 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Requires high-pressure and specialized process engineering.
Glass Very high
Glass melting

Combustion air is enriched with oxygen.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.5–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Can provide fuel savings and capacity increase.
Glass High
Flame polishing

Glass surface processing and polishing.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Used with fuel gas; safety equipment is required.
Metal Cutting High
Oxy-fuel cutting

Oxidative cutting of steel.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–10 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Application testing is recommended versus 99.5% cylinder oxygen.
Metalworking High
Welding / brazing

Raises flame temperature.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
3–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Workshop-type PSA systems are suitable.
Foundry High
Metal melting

Improves burner efficiency and controls flame temperature.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Must be considered together with burner design.
Steel Medium
EAF / rolling / reheating furnace support oxygen

Combustion enrichment, lancing and cutting.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
6–20 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Compare with cryogenic alternatives at large steel plants.
Cement High
Kiln oxygen enrichment

Increases the O₂ fraction in combustion air.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: VPSA should also be evaluated at very high flows.
Lime High
Calcination kiln

Combustion efficiency and temperature control.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Can be sold on fuel-saving and capacity-increase benefits.
Ceramics High
Kiln oxygen enrichment

More controlled and efficient combustion.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Burner control system is important.
Waste Incineration High
Incineration

Completes combustion and reduces CO/VOC.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Must be designed together with emissions and temperature control.
Pulp & Paper High
Oxygen delignification

Oxidative breakdown of lignin.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
6–12 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Process licensing and reactor pressure are important.
Pulp & Paper High
Bleaching process

Supports chemical oxidation.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
3–10 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Reduced chemical consumption is a strong value argument.
Biotechnology High
Aerobic fermentation

Supports microorganism oxygen demand.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Sterile filtration and DO control are required.
Food Bioprocess High
Yeast production

Oxygen transfer for cell growth.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Air + O₂ trim control can be applied.
Biogas Medium
H₂S control

Controlled micro-oxygenation.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.2–2 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Methane/O₂ safety must be carefully managed.
Odor Control High
H₂S oxidation

Oxidation of sulfur compounds.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
0.5–3 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Can be applied in wastewater and sludge lines.
Chemicals Medium
Chemical oxidation

Oxidant gas in oxidative reactions.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95 / higher in special processes
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–20 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: HAZOP, material compatibility and process safety are mandatory.
Refinery Medium
Claus / sulfur recovery support

Enriches combustion air with oxygen.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–10 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Requires refinery process integration.
Energy Medium
Gasification

Syngas production by partial oxidation.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95+
TYPICAL PRESSURE
5–30 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Cryogenic/VPSA comparison is required for large plants.
Laboratory Very high
Test and analytical oxygen

Combustion, oxidation and instrument supply.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
3–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Compact PSA systems are suitable.
R&D Very high
Burner testing

Oxygen-enriched combustion trials.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–8 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Good niche market for burner manufacturers.
Emergency Very high
Mobile oxygen container

Oxygen production for disasters, field hospitals and remote sites.

TYPICAL PURITY
%93±3
TYPICAL PRESSURE
4–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Container, generator, compressor, backup cylinders and UPS should be considered.
High Altitude High
Mining camp / mountain hospital

Medical/process support under low atmospheric O₂ conditions.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
4–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Compressor and PSA capacity must be recalculated with altitude correction.
Healthcare Conditional / High
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)

Controlled high-concentration oxygen is supplied to the patient in a pressurized treatment chamber.

TYPICAL PURITY
%93±3 / %90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
4–8 bar / system dependent
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Medical regulations, chamber OEM requirements, fire safety and backup architecture must be validated together.
Glass & Art Very high
Glassblowing / torch work

Oxygen raises torch-flame temperature to support shaping of glass tubing and art glass.

TYPICAL PURITY
Typical %95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
Typical 0.7–1.0 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: A strong niche for compact PSA systems replacing cylinders in small and medium workshops.
Paper Recycling High
De-inking / flotation support

Oxygen-enhanced processing supports ink removal and flotation performance in recycled pulp.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
2–6 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: A separate pulp-and-paper opportunity in addition to delignification and bleaching.
Glass & Lighting High
Neon / glass-tube forming

An oxygen-enriched flame heats, bends and forms neon and specialty glass tubes.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95
TYPICAL PRESSURE
1–5 bar
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Glass-processing, sign and specialty-lighting manufacturers are target segments for compact PSA.
Military & Emergency Healthcare Very high
Field hospital / military medical / low-resource settlement

On-site PSA oxygen supplies ventilators, patient pipelines or cylinder filling through a booster.

TYPICAL PURITY
%93±3
TYPICAL PRESSURE
4–5 bar / 150–200 bar filling
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Can be offered as a rapidly deployable container package with generator, compressor, analyzer and reserve system.
Marine & Healthcare High
Onboard medical oxygen / cylinder filling

A vessel receives direct medical pipeline supply or fills high-pressure cylinders on board.

TYPICAL PURITY
%93±3
TYPICAL PRESSURE
4–5 bar / 150–200 bar filling
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Provides logistics independence on remote voyages and offshore vessels; marinization and class rules must be checked.
Mining & Safety Conditional
Mine refuge / emergency breathing oxygen

A controlled breathing-oxygen source supports emergency refuge and rescue systems.

TYPICAL PURITY
%90–95 / regulation dependent
TYPICAL PRESSURE
3–5 bar / filling optional
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Life-safety application; local mining rules, certification and independent reserve supply must be addressed.
Emergency Healthcare Very high
Ambulance / first responder / disaster medical oxygen

Mobile or regional generation provides medical oxygen and cylinder-filling support to emergency teams.

TYPICAL PURITY
%93±3
TYPICAL PRESSURE
4–5 bar / 150–200 bar filling
Mentis Mühendislik Notu: Strong application for mobile PSA + booster packages in disaster logistics and remote healthcare networks.
Gaz Tipi Öncelikli Sektör Ticari Potansiyel Teknik Karmaşıklık Mentis Satış / Mühendislik Yaklaşımı
Nitrogen Laser cutting Very high Medium–High High-pressure package with booster and receiver support.
Nitrogen Food MAP Very high Low–Medium Compact, hygienic system focused on continuous production.
Nitrogen Chemicals / solvent tanks High Medium Sell through safety, ATEX, inerting and process continuity.
Nitrogen Electronics / SMT High Medium Emphasize high purity, quality improvement and uninterrupted production.
Nitrogen Oil & gas purging High High Mobile skid, high flow, field-duty solution.
Nitrogen Plastic injection / accumulator charging Medium–High High Custom package with 200–300 bar booster.
Oxygen Hospital / medical Very high High Redundant, alarmed package compliant with medical requirements.
Oxygen Fish farming Very high Medium Sell on DO control, lower stock loss and productivity gains.
Oxygen Wastewater treatment High Medium Emphasize blower efficiency, space saving and process improvement.
Oxygen Gold mining Very high High Leach efficiency, chemical optimization and high-flow system.
Oxygen Glass / cement / lime Very high High Project sale focused on fuel saving, capacity and combustion efficiency.
Oxygen Ozone systems High Medium Clean/dry O₂ package that improves ozone-generator efficiency.
Nitrogen Oil & gas services: pigging, pipeline drying, EOR, coiled tubing Very high High Project sale focused on mobile/high-pressure nitrogen, buffer and booster packages
Nitrogen Power-plant boiler/HRSG lay-up High Medium Sell around corrosion control, outage security and long-duration low-pressure supply
Nitrogen Additive manufacturing & selective soldering High Medium Emphasize high purity, O₂ ppm control and uninterrupted production
Nitrogen Fire prevention / low-O₂ systems Medium–High High Special engineered project with LOC and code validation
Oxygen HBOT, field hospitals and mobile medical High High Standards, redundancy, analyzer and rapidly deployable package approach
Oxygen Glassblowing / specialty glass and neon tubing Medium–High Low–Medium Cylinder replacement and compact PSA ROI approach
Flow profile

Continuous consumption, peak consumption, shift pattern, daily/weekly operating hours.

Purity

Target O₂ ppm for nitrogen; %90–95 or medical %93±3 requirement for oxygen.

Pressure

Point-of-use pressure, line loss, regulator requirement and booster requirement.

Gas quality

Particles, oil, moisture, dew point, medical or food compliance and analyzer requirement.

Receiver volume

Buffer receiver for peak demand; generator start/stop stability; high-pressure storage.

Safety

Asphyxiation risk for nitrogen; accelerated combustion, oil-free service and material compatibility for oxygen.

Site conditions

Altitude, temperature, humidity, dust, corrosive atmosphere and indoor/outdoor installation.

ROI

Current cylinder/liquid gas cost, logistics, maintenance, electricity consumption and backup cost.

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